The European Renaissance Essays - Medieval Philosophy, Renaissance

The European Renaissance The Renaissance was a period of European history, considered by modern scholars as that between 1300 and 1600. Many dramatic changes happend during the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a period of new inventions and beliefs. The Renaissance was drastically different from the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages the church held most of the power and it's economy was agriculturaly based. Exploration and learning was almost put to a stop. During the Renaissance society was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions with an urban commercial attitude. Also, people's curiosity overcame thier fear and many people started to venture out and explore. New schools and colleges became more and more common. The Renaissance was started by many rich Italian cities, such as Florence, Ferrara, Milan ,and Venice. Because these cities were very wealthy, many merchants started to spend money on different things, such as painting, learning, new banking techniques, and new systems of government. These things gave rise to a new type of scholar, the humanist. Humanism was subjects concerned with humankind and culture. They stutied various things such as Latin, Greek language, literature and philosophy. Music and mathmatics were also studied as well. The Renaissance gave way to new forms of painting , art and sculpture. During the Renaissance, artist were no longer regarded as mere artisans, as they had been to the medieval past, but for the first time emerged as independent personalities, compared to poets and writers. Many artisans merged mathmatics with art , in order to become more precise in their measurements and to make sure an object was supported both rationally and porportionally. As a result painters tried and often suceeded into making their painting a window into the world. Artists also studied the way light hits objects and the way our eyes percieve light. A new kind of paint called oil paint was used. This allowed the artist to create texture , mix colors, and allow more time for corrections before it dried. The printing press was probaly the most important advance in technology. Europeans first used movable metal type to print a book. On small pieces of metal they engraved single letters of the alphabet. These could then be arranged and rearranged to form words and sentences. Johan Gutenberg is usually given credit for the first book printed, a copy of the Bible. By the 1500's printing presses where fairly well spread. The printing press had many effects on the world. First of all, it made books much easier to come by, wich made them cheaper. That ment common people could afford them. As a result literacy became more widespread, in contrast to the Middle Ages where usually monks and church officials were the only able to read. Second, since many more people were able to read, they wanted to read subjects other than religious or scientific work. So books on other subjects were published as well. Also many books were published in languages other than Latin, such as English, Portugeese, Spanish, French, and Italian. A third effect was that scholars had better access to one anothers work. They could also read the great works of the ancient and medieval periods. The Renaissance also had an effect on the general society. Many people became interested in politics. Also, people became interested in the world outside of thier towns. Many became explorers, merchants, and mapmakers. Religion especially changed during the Renaissance. In the Middle ages people were primarily concerned with serving the church and getting to heaven. But the increase in arts and education gave people something to look forward to, and a life worth living. So inturn, people based thier lives around various other things instead of the church. Because of the increase in literacy people learned that the Catholic Church only told the populus what they wanted them to hear. This caused many people to break away from the churh and form Proteezt religions. The Renaissance produced many great minds. Leonardo da Vinci was one of these. Although he was not regarded as a genious in his time. He had numerous works of art such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He also is now

Find a Reactions Final Temperature With Specific Heat

Find a Reaction's Final Temperature With Specific Heat This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the final temperature of a substance when given the amount of energy used, the mass and initial temperature. Problem 300 grams of ethanol at 10  °C is heated with 14640 Joules of energy. What is the final temperature of the ethanol? Useful Information: The specific heat of ethanol is 2.44 J/g ·Ã‚ °C. Solution Use the formula q mcΔT Where q Heat Energym Massc Specific HeatΔT Change in temperature. 14640 J (300 g)(2.44 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)ΔT Solve for ΔT: ΔT 14640 J/(300 g)(2.44 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)ΔT 20  °CΔT Tfinal - TinitialTfinal Tinital ΔTTfinal 10  °C 20  °CTfinal 30  °C Answer:  The final temperature of the ethanol is 30  °C. Final Temperature After Mixing When you mix together two substances with different initial temperatures, the same principles apply. If the materials dont chemically react, all you need to do to find the final temperature is to assume that both substances will eventually reach the same temperature. Problem Find the final temperature when 10.0 grams of aluminum at 130.0  °C mixes with 200.0 grams of water at 25  °C. Assume no water is lost as water vapor. Solution Again, you use q mcΔT, except you assume qaluminum qwater and solve for T, which is the final temperature. You need to look up the specific heat values (c) for aluminum and water. This solution uses 0.901 for aluminum and 4.18 for water: (10)(130 - T)(0.901) (200.0)(T - 25)(4.18)T 26.12  °C

What Is Oxford Referencing

What Is Oxford Referencing What Is Oxford Referencing? Many schools recommend Oxford referencing for citing sources in academic writing. But what exactly is this system? And how does it work? In today’s blog post, we look at the basics of Oxford referencing. Q1: What Is Oxford Referencing? Oxford referencing is a footnote and bibliography system. This means   you should give citations in footnotes, indicated with superscript numbers: Usually at the end of a sentence, like this.1 The first footnote for each source should include full publication information, as well as a pinpoint reference (i.e., the specific page or section cited). And although you provide the source information here, you will also need to list it in the bibliography at the end of your document. Q2: Where Can I Find the Rules for Oxford Referencing? Technically, â€Å"Oxford referencing† is not a system so much as a group of related citation styles (otherwise known as the footnote–bibliography style). Consequently, there aren’t any â€Å"official† rules for Oxford referencing. Your best bet is to check your school’s style guide, which should specify the rules to use. There are plenty of online sources, too, but these might differ from the version preferred by your institution. Ultimately, if your referencing is clear and consistent, slight variations shouldn’t matter too much. But it never hurts to check whether your school has a style guide available. Q3: What Goes in Footnotes? As above, this depends slightly on the version of the system you’re using. It also depends on the source type (e.g., book, website, video). But in general, the key details to include are: Author’s name Title of the book, article, or web page Title of the journal, website, or edited book Place of publication Date of publication Page or section numbers For online sources, you should also give a URL and a date of access. Repeat citations of the same source, meanwhile, will typically use either Latin abbreviations (e.g., ibid., op. cit., loc. cit.) or a shortened citation format. For example, we could use the following shortened citation style: 1. C. Alexander, Mrs Chippy’s Last Expedition: The Remarkable Journey of Shackleton’s Polar-Bound Cat, London, Bloomsbury, 1991, p. 24. 2. A. Moretti, Cats of the Internet [website], 2014, www.felinesonline.com/gallery, accessed June 6, 2017. 3. Alexander, p. 30. Here, for example, we’ve shortened the third citation to just the author’s surname and a page number. And as long as we only cite one source by â€Å"Alexander† in the document, this will be enough for the reader to know which source we’re citing each time. Q4: How About the Bibliography? Bibliography entries in Oxford referencing are usually similar to the first footnote citation for the same source. The main differences are that: You do not need to give a pinpoint reference. Give the first named author’s names surname first (e.g., â€Å"Smith, S.† instead of â€Å"S. Smith†) so that you can list sources by author surname. For example, we would list the entry for the book in the example above as: Alexander, C., Mrs Chippy’s Last Expedition: The Remarkable Journey of Shackleton’s Polar-Bound Cat, London, Bloomsbury, 1997. Q5: What Does Any of This Have to Do with Oxford? Very little. It is sometimes associated with the University of Oxford, but it’s not the only referencing system used there. However, most versions of Oxford referencing are variations of the footnote and bibliography system set out in the OUP’s New Oxford Style Manual.

MGMT 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT 3000 - Essay Example Some of the products and services in different business industries that are going to adopt share ownership strategies during the coming decade include transportation, food, finance, recreation, shelter, and entertainment (Gansky). In 2012 these new Mesh companies will form a global network called Grupo Mesh. The Grupo Mesh is expected to recruit nearly 80,000 members by the year 2020 (Gansky). The fact that nearly 20% of the business population will belong to Grupo Mesh means the initiatives of the association will greatly impact business trends in the near future. Rapidly growing cities particularly those located in India, Brazil, and Eastern Europe are prime targets for Mesh activity. Many governments worldwide are outsourcing their transportation agencies to the private industry. Green energy will allow communities to share resources in order get away from the petroleum dependency. After reading this article I became aware that there are many companies marketing products based on shared resources. In the food industry I have been the beneficiary of shared food resources in open food bar restaurants. Eating in all you eat buffets is a tremendous and exciting activity in which everyone in the restaurant shares the same food bar. Another example of an industry that has historically enable consumers to use a product without ownership is the auto industry. Leasing cars is a very profitable way to gain profits from a vehicle. The article mentions that green energy is going to help consumers reduce their electricity bills. An opportunity that is going to present itself for electric and hybrid cars is leasing replacement batteries to car owners. The entire discussion of Gansky’s article was very interesting and educational. I did not know of the existence of these Mesh companies. The mesh concept was invented a long time ago, but now it seems that more companies are attempting to exploit the marketplace with new innovative

Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intelligence - Essay Example (Wechsler, 1944, p.4) Intelligence is considered to be global as it characterises the individual's behaviour as a whole; it is a combination of those elements or abilities, which, though not entirely independent, are qualitatively differentiable. "By measurement of these abilities, we ultimately evaluate intelligence. But intelligence is not identical with the mere sum of these abilities, however inclusive". (Wechsler, 1944, p. 6) Wechsler suggests that there are three important reasons, which justify this statement: (1) The ultimate products of intelligent behaviour are not only a function of the number of abilities or their quality but also of the way in which they are combined, that is, upon their configuration. (3) Finally, while different orders of intelligent behaviour may require varying degrees of intellectual ability, an excess of any given ability may add relatively little to the effectiveness of the behaviour as a whole. It would seem that, so far as general intelligence is concerned, intellectual ability as such merely enters as a necessary minimum. "Thus, to act intelligently, one must be able to recall numerous items i.e., have a retentive memory. But beyond a certain point and age in developmental life span, this ability does not help much in coping with life situations successfully". (Wechsler, 1944, p. ... However the extent to which decline is confronted can be evaluated through various measurement tests and techniques. "Although intelligence is no mere sum of intellectual abilities, the only way we can evaluate it quantitatively is by the measurement of the various aspects of these abilities. There is no contradiction here unless we insist upon the identity of general intelligence and intellectual ability". (Wechsler, 1944, p. 8) Researchers have always related intelligence to different mental processes. More recently psychologists have began to emphasize not only the processes but the content as well. They speak of memory but of auditory memory; not only of reasoning but of abstract, verbal or arithmetical reasoning. In a like manner some psychologists have begun to distinguish various kinds of intelligence. Thorndike, has suggested subdividing intelligence into three main types: (1) Abstract or verbal intelligence, involving facility in the use of symbols; (2) Practical intelligence, involving facility in manipulating objects; (3) Social intelligence, involving facility in dealing with human beings. The significant thing about this classification is that it emphasises upon the age criteria, accomplishments a person can achieve and how he can do it. This distinction between function and content is fully justified by experimental evidence. The rating, which an individual attains on an intelligence examination, depends to a considerable degree on the type of test used. His score on a test made up largely of verbal items may differ significantly from that obtained on a test involving questions of social comprehension and still more from another test made up of items involving predominantly psychomotor reactions and the perception of spatial relationships.

How Romanticism Changed Societys Way of Thinking Essay -- Romanticism

To understand how Romanticism changed the way society thought, you must first understand the meanings and reason behind the movement. The Romantic Movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was described as a movement in the history of culture, an aesthetic style, and an attitude of mind. (Fiero) Romanticism provided expression of their thoughts and ideas toward their own societies, which was in effect predominantly in Europe and in the United States. The movement was a reaction to the Enlightenment which provided strict ideology and rationalism. The Church had much to do with the Enlightenment seeing as if religion and the importance of God were incorporated into most aspects of their culture. Thus, Romanticism was a response to the Enlightenment Movement and their religious ideology. Romantics began to believe that it was important to be in touch with your emotions. Romanticism was viewed as an assertion of intuitive individualism and the primacy of feeling. (Fiero) These ideas lead to more detail and expression in art. Portraits are perfect examples for the subject of the individual because in portraits you can see what the person was feeling. Artists typically painted as a reaction of what was going on around them and portraits gave them the opportunity to express what their society was like. Traditionally, records of individual likeness, portraits became vehicles for expressing a range of psychological and emotional states in the hands of Romantic painters. (Galitz) In the book Toward a Theory of Romanticism the author Morse Peckham gives his own idea on the theory of Romanticism. He gave his opinion on the theory of romanticism because he proclaims that while there is a definition for the romanticism movement, ... ...lt good about themselves as human beings. Because they acquired this mindset, they used their instinct to form opinions on issues that they dealt with at that time. People’s morals changed because of Romanticism and that changed the mentality of individuals for the better. Without individuality, society would yield all excitement and become very dull. Works Cited Galitz, Kathryn Calley. "Romanticism". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. Fiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition 6th ed. Vol. II New York: McGraw Hill, 2011 Print. Gleckner, Robert F., and Gerald E. Enscoe. "Toward a Theory of Romanticism." Romanticism; Points of View. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970. Print. Curran, Stuart. The Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism. Cambridge [England: Cambridge UP, 1993. Print.

Lack of values in today’s society Essay

In the last years, we have been facing the lack of values in the society and in human relationships. We consider as † value † the degree of importance, significance or meaning that objects acquire, the actions, the situations or positions, to the extent that respond to the needs of the species and the human being in a certain time, and the struggle for this, to locate and rank the material and spiritual goods in order of importance. Talking in terms of what it is worth an object, in one hand, to satisfy a need and on the other hand, to express the dependence of building a life goal. Compassion, freedom, humbleness, generosity, justice, peace, tolerance, honesty, loyalty, respect and trust among other values are no longer the qualities that characterize the people in the world. These new behaviors that have adopted the majority of the people are antisocial and dehumanized but unfortunately are installed in our society as common pattern. As a result we get attitudes such as: the lack of respect that has been lost to the women and in many cases the woman no longer demands that respect, because in many places the â€Å"gender equality† is going to new extremes and because of that there exists problems between them such as; the early addiction to the cigarette, consume of alcoholic beverages, smoking, which is not only seen in teenagers but in most of the community, also not planned pregnancies in teenagers, and sometimes this lack of responsibility is the reason an abortion takes place making them very cold and dehumanized. All of this is because the parents do not raise them the way it is supposed to, or have bad friends that give them the wrong meanings of the values, or they do not even put them in practice anymore. If in the education that they give them to the children there was more love and more interest, the world would not like it is now, with drug traffic, massacres, shootings, organized crime, kidnappings, robberies, and even wars. We all complain about the insecurity of our country, of the injustices and robberies committed by our rulers without realizing that these rulers and these killers were educated by a mother and a father who are part of our society and those who did not teach and show them the values needed to make them good citizens and above all, good people. Everything that has happened is due to a lack of values and influences by those who have lived and shared  his life with. Parents many times because of work, economic problems, stress, or sometimes by the simple fact of not wanting to fight, leave to one side the education of their children, and in a lot of cases they think they can replace the love with material things, buy the love from their off springs. There are parents who think that the schools are responsible for the moral education their children are receiving without realizing that the values are obtained from the house and everything comes from family, according to the experts until their first 7 years. Nobody is born knowing how to be father, so, you have to teach teenagers that they will be the adults who will need to be responsible to educate and teach these values to their children. Parents need to put more effort into forming a bond and communicating with their children, they need to gain trust and respect for them. But do not make the mistake of not knowing to mark their line of â€Å"freedom† to â€Å"debauchery†, because of that many teenagers do not know the respect and the education of being able to follow rules and listen to their elders. If we want to see a different world, a more balanced society and a more hopeful future, then this is the time to pause and think, what do values mean to me? Which ones take part in my life? What do others mean to me? And then we should stop thinking about the â€Å"me† and turn to the others, be generous and see that others need us more than we need ourselves. We need to get people to commit to their ideals, values, families, professions and personal lives. The values are and will always be a guide that will allow us to lead us on the right path, so we should reinforce, transmit and commit ourselves to put our values in practice every day. As a teenager I have many dreams just as you, I just wish that everything that happens around us changed. I do not want to be arms-crossed, and when I turn on my television see far too many tragedies happen that are no longer abnormal. Anyone can change from â€Å"normal† to something â€Å"different† if they are determined to do it. Believe me that it would be something very nice to see that our state, our country and our world grows with the help of so many people who like me want to achieve a goal in life without selfishness for the good of everyone. The important thing in life is not your position, but  your disposition. The change depends on all of us for the future that we want to create, be born as humans is not enough, we need to reach out to actually be humans. And when we have succeeded with we can be proud to say â€Å"I was part of the change â€Å".